- Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics for High- Efficiency Solar Generation: A Simulated Reliability and Yield Assessment

This article presents a simulated empirical study in materials science, photovoltaic engineering, and renewable- energy systems. The dataset contained 8,760 hourly observations for each of three photovoltaic configurations and 36 simulated monthly performance summaries. A simulated hourly solar-resource dataset representing one full year was generated for a warm semi-arid location. Plane-of-array irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed, module temperature, spectral mismatch, and soiling factors were modeled. Three module configurations were compared: conventional crystalline silicon, a high-efficiency laboratory-like tandem, and a stability-adjusted commercial- prototype tandem. Energy conversion used temperature coefficients and bounded degradation factors. No real field installation was used. The stability-adjusted tandem delivered the highest simulated annual specific yield, exceeding the silicon baseline by 17.6%. The laboratory-like tandem produced the highest initial conversion efficiency but lost more of its advantage under an aggressive degradation scenario. A sensitivity analysis showed that annual tandem benefit remained above 10% when first-year degradation stayed below 4.5%. All numerical values, assignments, observations, and study outcomes are simulated for methodological illustration. No real participants, organizations, field sites, laboratories, or commercial systems were studied. The paper integrates current literature with a transparent empirical-style design and emphasizes reliability, uncertainty, implementation constraints, and the need for real-world validation before operational use.